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Focuses on the implementation of refinery hydrocracking technology to meet current market needs and also includes a comprehensive analysis of commercial and emerging process, operational, and catalyst advances.

Hydrocracking (HC) technology enables refiners to meet incrementally rising demand for distillate fuels; comply with stringent specifications on transportation fuels; cope with the greater use of heavy, opportunity crudes; conform to environmental regulations regarding site emissions; and function in a business climate requiring the implementation of lower-cost technologies and the optimum use of existing facilities. Hydrocracking is utilized either by itself or in combination with FCC to upgrade a variety of feeds, including VGO from conventional and heavy crudes, DAO, coker distillates, LCO, residual fuel oil, and atmospheric residues. It permits the refinery to increase the quality and output of fuel products as well as to adjust the balance of the product slate between distillates and gasoline.

Global hydrocracking capacity was up by 3.79% (almost 187.7K b/cd) from Jan. 2008 to Jan. 2009 according to Oil and Gas Journal's most recent Worldwide Refining Survey (Dec. 22, 2008). The growth in HC capacity from Jan. 2008 to Jan. 2009 was reportedly down 1.96% from the growth observed during the previous year (5.75%). The slowdown of hydrocracking capacity expansion is primarily attributed to the global economic crisis beginning in early-2008, the fuel efficiency standards for automobiles, and the escalated contribution from ethanol and other biofuels into the global transportation fuels pool. While forecasters believe the global economy has slowly begun to recover, it will still take some time for a full recovery and even then, demand is not expected to rebound to the all time highs seen before the recession.

More detailed information regarding hydrocracking in terms of supply and demand, capacity additions, and technology competition/development are discussed as part of the Market/Technology Trends and Opportunities section in this issue of the Review. This section covering HC technology features new catalysts, processes, and topics including:

• Revamping a Chevron Lummus Global ISOCRACKING unit with a two-stage recycle configuration;
• ExxonMobil's revamp of a VGO HDS units with MPHC design to increase conversion on the unit;
• UOP's enhanced-two stage Unicracking process;
• New hydrocracking catalyst offerings from Albemarle, Axens, Chevron Lummus Global, Haldor Topsøe, and Sinopec;
• The use of advanced process control (APC) and monitoring systems for hydrocrackers; and
• A discussion of recent R&D work in published patents and literature relating to conventional and mild hydrocracking, and the processing of heavy resid, F-T, and bio-based feedstocks.

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